Product Description
Product Information
Product Information
- Absorbing advanced driving axle technologies at home and abroad
- Using middle-arranged type transmission shaft and swing type center swing pin
- Inside structure includes center deacceleration, transmission differential, and end deacceleration with double bevel gears
- Using whole type axle shell, which has good rigidity
- Using middle-arranged oil cylinder, which has compact structure and beautiful appearance
- On the end main pin steering position, using CZPT material sliding bearing structure, which makes the steering light and flexible
- High ground clearance can improve the passing capacity of tractor
- Three kinds of driving axles including wide, middle, and narrow types can meet demands from different agricultural tractors
- Adaptive for 30-40HP four-wheel driving tractor
Technical Parameter:
Company name: HangZhou City Rong Nan Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
| Performance parameter | RN45S Front driving axle (284) | |
| Driving ratio | 15.831 | |
| Outline dimension | 1230×470×460 | |
| Driving shaft front axle | Middle-arranged driving shaft | |
| Input shaft parameter | m=2 z=14 α=30° | |
| Connection bolt between hub and spoke | 6×M14×1.5 | |
| Distance between spokes (mm) | 1178/1378(Optional) | |
| The pressure of the hydraulic oil | 10±0.5 | |
| load bearing (kN) | 9 | |
| Net weight (KG) without oil | 148 | |
| Oil Volume | Middle (L) | 4.6 |
| Round edge (L) | 1.8 | |
| Front Axle Position |
Extroversion angle of front wheel | 3° |
| Introversion angle | 10° | |
| Retroverted angle | 0 | |
| Fore tie (mm) | 4~10 | |
| Steering method | Fluid-link steering | |
| Swing angle of the front axle | 10° | |
| Maximum steering angle of front wheel | 44° | |
| Steering Cylinder |
Steering hydraulic cylinder type | Mid bidirectional |
| Diameter of steering hydraulic cylinder(mm) | 40 | |
| Steering hydraulic cylinder quantity | 1 | |
| Steering hydraulic cylinder travel(mm) | 140 | |
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| After-sales Service: | Provide |
|---|---|
| Warranty: | 1 Year |
| Type: | Rn45s |
| Certification: | ISO9001 |
| Driving System Parts: | Front Axle |
| Color: | Black |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
What are the key differences between live axles and dead axles in vehicle design?
In vehicle design, live axles and dead axles are two different types of axle configurations with distinct characteristics and functions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the key differences between live axles and dead axles:
Live Axles:
A live axle, also known as a solid axle or beam axle, is a type of axle where the wheels on both ends of the axle are connected and rotate together as a single unit. Here are the key features and characteristics of live axles:
- Connected Wheel Movement: In a live axle configuration, the wheels on both ends of the axle are linked together, meaning that any movement or forces applied to one wheel will directly affect the other wheel. This connection provides equal power distribution and torque to both wheels, making it suitable for off-road and heavy-duty applications where maximum traction is required.
- Simple Design: Live axles have a relatively simple design, consisting of a solid beam that connects the wheels. This simplicity makes them durable and capable of withstanding heavy loads and rough terrains.
- Weight and Cost: Live axles tend to be heavier and bulkier compared to other axle configurations, which can impact the overall weight and fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Additionally, the manufacturing and maintenance costs of live axles can be lower due to their simpler design.
- Suspension: In most cases, live axles are used in conjunction with leaf spring or coil spring suspensions. The axle is typically mounted to the vehicle’s chassis using leaf springs or control arms, allowing the axle to move vertically to absorb bumps and provide a smoother ride.
- Off-road Capability: Live axles are commonly used in off-road vehicles, trucks, and heavy-duty applications due to their robustness, durability, and ability to deliver power to both wheels simultaneously, enhancing traction and off-road performance.
Dead Axles:
A dead axle, also known as a dummy axle or non-driven axle, is a type of axle that does not transmit power to the wheels. It is primarily used to provide support and stability to the vehicle. Here are the key features and characteristics of dead axles:
- Independent Wheel Movement: In a dead axle configuration, each wheel operates independently, meaning that the movement or forces applied to one wheel will not affect the other wheel. Each wheel is responsible for its own power delivery and traction.
- Weight Distribution: Dead axles are often used to distribute the weight of the vehicle more evenly, especially in cases where heavy loads need to be carried. By adding an extra axle without driving capability, the weight can be distributed over a larger area, reducing the load on other axles and improving stability.
- Steering: Dead axles are commonly used as front axles in vehicles with rear-wheel drive configurations. They provide support for the front wheels and allow for steering control. The steering is typically achieved through a separate mechanism, such as a steering linkage or a steering gear.
- Reduced Complexity: Dead axles are simpler in design compared to live axles since they do not have the additional components required for power transmission. This simplicity can lead to lower manufacturing and maintenance costs.
- Efficiency and Maneuverability: Dead axles are often used in vehicles where power delivery to all wheels is not necessary, such as trailers, certain types of buses, and some light-duty vehicles. By eliminating the power transmission components, these vehicles can achieve better fuel efficiency and improved maneuverability.
It’s important to note that the choice between live axles and dead axles depends on the specific application, vehicle type, and desired performance characteristics. Vehicle manufacturers consider factors such as load capacity, traction requirements, off-road capability, cost, and fuel efficiency when determining the appropriate axle configuration for a particular vehicle model.
Can you recommend axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability?
When it comes to choosing axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability, there are several reputable companies in the automotive industry. While individual experiences and preferences may vary, the following axle manufacturers have a track record of producing high-quality products:
1. Dana Holding Corporation: Dana is a well-known manufacturer of axles, drivetrain components, and sealing solutions. They supply axles to various automotive manufacturers and have a reputation for producing durable and reliable products. Dana axles are commonly found in trucks, SUVs, and off-road vehicles.
2. AAM (American Axle & Manufacturing): AAM is a leading manufacturer of driveline and drivetrain components, including axles. They supply axles to both OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and the aftermarket. AAM axles are known for their durability and are often found in trucks, SUVs, and performance vehicles.
3. GKN Automotive: GKN Automotive is a global supplier of driveline systems, including axles. They have a strong reputation for producing high-quality and reliable axles for a wide range of vehicles. GKN Automotive supplies axles to various automakers and is recognized for their technological advancements in the field.
4. Meritor: Meritor is a manufacturer of axles, brakes, and other drivetrain components for commercial vehicles. They are known for their robust and reliable axle products that cater to heavy-duty applications in the commercial trucking industry.
5. Spicer (Dana Spicer): Spicer, a division of Dana Holding Corporation, specializes in manufacturing drivetrain components, including axles. Spicer axles are widely used in off-road vehicles, trucks, and SUVs. They are known for their durability and ability to withstand demanding off-road conditions.
6. Timken: Timken is a trusted manufacturer of bearings, seals, and other mechanical power transmission products. While they are primarily known for their bearings, they also produce high-quality axle components used in various applications, including automotive axles.
It’s important to note that the availability of specific axle manufacturers may vary depending on the region and the specific vehicle make and model. Additionally, different vehicles may come equipped with axles from different manufacturers as per the OEM’s selection and sourcing decisions.
When considering axle replacements or upgrades, it is advisable to consult with automotive experts, including mechanics or dealerships familiar with your vehicle, to ensure compatibility and make informed decisions based on your specific needs and requirements.
How do solid axles differ from independent axles in terms of performance?
When comparing solid axles and independent axles in terms of performance, there are several key differences to consider. Both types of axles have their advantages and disadvantages, and their suitability depends on the specific application and desired performance characteristics. Here’s a comparison of solid axles and independent axles:
| Aspect | Solid Axles | Independent Axles |
|---|---|---|
| Load-Bearing Capability | Solid axles have high load-bearing capability due to their robust and sturdy construction. They can handle heavy loads and provide excellent stability, making them suitable for off-road vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, and towing applications. | Independent axles typically have lower load-bearing capability compared to solid axles. They are designed for lighter loads and offer improved ride comfort and handling characteristics. They are commonly used in passenger cars, sports cars, and vehicles with a focus on maneuverability and road performance. |
| Wheel Articulation | Solid axles have limited wheel articulation due to their connected and rigid design. This can result in reduced traction and compromised wheel contact with the ground on uneven terrain. However, solid axles provide excellent traction in situations where the weight distribution on all wheels needs to be maintained, such as in off-road or rock-crawling applications. | Independent axles offer greater wheel articulation as each wheel can move independently of the others. This allows the wheels to better conform to uneven terrain, maximizing traction and maintaining contact with the ground. Independent axles provide improved off-road capability, enhanced handling, and better ride comfort. |
| Ride Comfort | Due to their rigid design, solid axles generally provide a stiffer and less compliant ride compared to independent axles. They transmit more road shocks and vibrations to the vehicle’s occupants, resulting in a rougher ride quality. | Independent axles are known for providing better ride comfort. Each wheel can react independently to road imperfections, absorbing shocks and vibrations more effectively. This leads to a smoother and more comfortable ride, particularly on paved roads and surfaces with minor irregularities. |
| Handling and Stability | Solid axles offer excellent stability due to their connected nature. They provide better resistance to lateral forces, making them suitable for high-speed stability and towing applications. However, the rigid axle design can limit overall handling and maneuverability, particularly in tight corners or during quick direction changes. | Independent axles generally offer improved handling and maneuverability. Each wheel can react independently to steering inputs, allowing for better cornering performance and agility. Independent axles are commonly found in vehicles where precise handling and responsive steering are desired, such as sports cars and performance-oriented vehicles. |
| Maintenance and Repair | Solid axles are relatively simpler in design and have fewer moving parts, making them easier to maintain and repair. They are often more resistant to damage and require less frequent servicing. However, if a component within the axle assembly fails, the entire axle may need to be replaced. | Independent axles are typically more complex in design and have multiple moving parts, such as control arms, CV joints, or bearings. This complexity can result in higher maintenance and repair costs. However, if a failure occurs, only the affected component needs to be replaced, reducing repair expenses compared to replacing the entire axle. |
It’s important to note that advancements in suspension and axle technologies have resulted in various hybrid systems that combine features of solid and independent axles. These systems aim to provide a balance between load-bearing capability, wheel articulation, ride comfort, and handling performance based on specific application requirements.
In summary, solid axles excel in load-bearing capability, stability, and durability, making them suitable for heavy-duty applications and off-road conditions. Independent axles offer improved ride comfort, better wheel articulation, enhanced handling, and maneuverability, making them suitable for passenger cars and vehicles focused on road performance. The choice between solid axles and independent axles depends on the specific needs and priorities of the vehicle or machinery.
editor by CX 2024-03-05
China Best Sales China Lansu Good Quality 4 Wheels Drive Tractor Agricultural Farm Tractor Mini Small Tractor with high quality
Product Description
Our Advantages
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QC: Quality inspection before delivery for each unit.
Our Catalog
Product Description
| We have many models about the machine, if you are interested, we will send the catalogue and details for you, please send the enquiry.thanks. |
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Adopting a new type of high pressure lifter makes the work more convenient and flexible.
Equipped with external double oil cylinders, the working effect is better.
Product Parameters
| MODEL | LS-Mini tractor 12hp | ||
| Engine | Model | 195 | |
| Type | 1cylinder,4-stroke,horizontal,water-cooled,diesel | ||
| Cooling Mode | Condenser (Radiator) | ||
| Power | 12hp | ||
| Combustion System | Direct Injection | ||
| Cylinder Bore | 92mm | ||
| Piston Stroke | 95mm | ||
| Compression Ratio | 18:01 | ||
| Rated Speed | 2400rpm | ||
| Fuel Efficiency: | ≤257gl/kw.hr | ||
| Displacement | 0.632 | ||
| Fuel Tank Capacity | 8L | ||
| Water Tank Capacity | 2L | ||
| Net Weight | 112kg | ||
| Gross Weight | 122 | ||
| Overall dimensions:(L×W×H) | 2140×905×1175mm Without tiller | ||
| Overall dimensions:(L×W×H) | 2600×1000×1175mm With tiller | ||
| Front wheel size | 5.00-12 | ||
| Back wheel size | 7.50-16 | ||
| Ground clearance | 180mm | ||
| Working weight | 490kg | ||
| Transmission style | Belt transmission | ||
| Steering style | Steering wheel power steering system | ||
| Brakes | Two side wheel brake | ||
| Starter | Electric start/Hand crank | ||
| Seat | Adjustable | ||
| Gear style | (3+1)*2; 6 Forward, 2 Reverse | ||
| Speed | Forward | 1.68, 2.61, 4.22, 6.79, 10.57, 17.08 | |
| Reverse | 1.29, 5.22 | ||
| Rotary tiller | Transmission Type | Middle Gears Transmission, or side gears transmission | |
| Width | 1000mm Adjustable | ||
| Number of blades | 18-20pcs | ||
| Working depth | 150-250mm | ||
| Up and down control | Hydraulic system | ||
| Model | LS-Small tractor 25hp | ||
| Wheel drive | 4×2 | ||
| Dimensions | 2700×1400×1400 | ||
| Weight(kg) | 950-1571 | ||
| Front wheel(mm) | 900,1000,1100,1200 adjustable | ||
| Rear wheel(mm) | 960,1000,1100,1200,1300 adjustable | ||
| Wheel base(mm) | 1400 | ||
| Min. ground distance(mm) | 350 | ||
| Gear shift | 6+1 | ||
| Tyre size | 9.5-20/500-14 | ||
| ENGINE Type | |||
| Rated power(kW) | 18.32kw | ||
| Rated speed (r/min) | Water cooled,vertical,4 stoke and direct injection | ||
| Start | Electric | ||
| Transmission | 2200 | ||
| Clutch | single ,dry friction, single clutch | ||
| Connection/PTO | 3×2+1 | ||
| 3 point suspension/ Rear P.T.O 540 | |||
| MODEL | LS- Middle tractor 50hp | ||
| Horsepower&Drive Type | 50hp, 4×4 | ||
| ENGINE | |||
| Engine Model | 50HP | ||
| Type | Vertical, Water-Cooled, Four Strokes, Direct in Injection | ||
| Rated Output(kW) | 36.8 | ||
| TRACTOR PARAMETER | |||
| Dimension L*W*H (mm) | 3558*1500*2245 | ||
| Wheel Base (mm) | 1900 | ||
| Wheel Tread F/R(mm) | 1060/1100 | ||
| Min Ground Clearance(mm) | 300 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | |||
| Gear Shift | 8F+2R | ||
| Clutch Type | Dry Single-stage | ||
| RUNNING SYSTEM | |||
| Tire F/R | 650-16/11.2-24 | ||
| Steering | Hydraulic Steering | ||
| Brake | Toe Type | ||
| Park Brake | Latch Pedal | ||
| WORKING SYSTEM | |||
| Hitch | Partial Separated Type, 3-Point hydraulic hitch,Category 1 | ||
| Max. Lift Force(N) | ≥6300 | ||
| Rear PTO | Rear Rectangle Spline, 6 Teeth, 540/720rpm | ||
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Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings
In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
Stiffness of spline-coupling
The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
Characteristics of spline-coupling
The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.
Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis
This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling
In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.